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Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 2009-2020
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-10
Effects of Cobalt-60 Gamma on Microbial Elimination and Phytochemical
Constituents in Orthosiphon aristatus (Misai Kucing) (Blume) Miq.
(Kesan Gamma Kobalt-60 terhadap Penghapusan Mikrob dan Konstituen
Fitokimia pada Orthosiphon aristatus (Misai Kucing) (Blume) Miq.)
SYAFIQAH MHD JAMAL1, HASNAH BAHARI2, DARYL JESUS
ARAPOC3, MUHAMMAD AKIF ADNAN4, IMRAN JAZARY MAD DIAH4 & AZMIZA SYAWANI JASNI1*
1Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department
of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang,
Selangor, Malaysia
4KPJ
Healthcare University College, Lot PT 17010 Persiaran Seriemas, Kota Seriemas,
71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 13 Oktober 2022/Diterima: 15 Jun
2023
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used for various
purposes, however, the presence of microorganisms in them is the main safety
risk. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on microbial
contaminants and phytochemical constituents of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. The plant was irradiated using doses of 3,
6, 9, and 12 kGy and the microbial contamination was assessed using phenotypic
and genotypic analyses. The qualitative screening using chemical tests was
performed to identify the presence of important phytochemical constituents
including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpenes.
Results showed that the total microbial counts in O. aristatus were significantly reduced (P < 0.05)
following irradiations at 3- and 6 kGy. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected
in O. aristatus after irradiation at
6 kGy while the phytochemical constituents were conserved. In conclusion, gamma
irradiation has significantly reduced and eliminated microbial contaminants and
preserved the phytochemical constituents of O.
aristatus. This study highlights the use of a low and specific dose, 6 kGy
that is effective to reduce and eliminate microbial contaminants in O. aristatus.
Keywords: Cobalt-60; gamma
irradiation; medicinal plants; microbial
contaminants; Orthosiphon
aristatus; phytochemical
constituents
Abstrak
Tumbuhan ubatan telah digunakan untuk pelbagai tujuan,
namun, kandungan mikroorganisma dalam tumbuhan tersebut merupakan risiko
keselamatan utama. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan sinaran gamma
terhadap kandungan mikrob dan kandungan fitokimia dalam Orthosiphon
aristatus (Blume) Miq. Tumbuhan tersebut telah didedahkan kepada sinaran
gamma menggunakan dos iaitu 3, 6, 9 dan 12 kGy dan kandungan mikrob telah
dinilai menggunakan analisis fenotip dan genotip. Ujian kualitatif menggunakan
ujian kimia telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kandungan fitokimia utama
termasuklah alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, steroid dan triterpin. Keputusan
menunjukkan bahawa jumlah mikrob dalam O. aristatus telah berkurang
secara ketara (P < 0.05) selepas penyinaran pada 3- dan 6-kGy.
Bakteria patogen tidak dikesan dalam O. aristatus selepas penyinaran
pada 6 kGy, sementara kandungan fitokimianya dapat dikekalkan. Sebagai
kesimpulan, penyinaran gamma telah dapat mengurang dan menghapuskan kandungan
mikrob dan mengekalkan kandungan fitokimia dalam O. aristatus. Kajian
ini memfokuskan penggunaan dos yang rendah dan khusus iaitu 6 kGy yang berkesan
untuk mengurangkan dan menghapuskan kandungan mikrob dalam O. aristatus.
Kata kunci: Kandungan fitokimia; kandungan mikrob;
kobalt-60; Orthosiphon aristatus; sinaran gamma; tumbuhan ubatan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
azmiza@upm.edu.my
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